Evaluate the current applications of nanotechnology in medicine Essay - 3

Evaluate the current applications of nanotechnology in medicine. Discuss the potential future of nanomedicine based on current issues identified in the literature - Essay Example Some of the initial uses of nanotechnology have encompassed the use of antimicrobial coatings that are usually made of nanoparticulate silver on would dressings to stop infections and on items like catheters to stop the biofilms from forming (Krebs, 2010, p. 55). There has been work that has been directed at finding whether silver nanoparticle could be applied to wounds in a direct manner. In the medical field, nanotechnology has been applied in a variety of areas that include imaging and heating, soft tissue repair, orthopaedics, dentistry as well as surgery and drug delivery. The idea behind nanotech imaging is fairly direct in that it tags nanoparticles that show up in x-rays and MRIs with suitable antibodies and allow them to find the cells that are being looked for. In the research that involves imaging and heating of the cancer cells, the cells that are tagged absorb laser light more than the normal cells do making it easy for them to be killed by heat with a laser (Cleaveland, 2007). The biological perception of cancer is quickly evolving from disease models that are created from descriptions that are phenomenological to become network models that result from system biology that have the ability to capture the changing pathophysiology of the disease at the molecular level. The diffusion of this perception into a clinically relevant structure may have an enabling effect on the fight against cancer even though it remains a scientific and technological challenge. Nanotherapeutic approaches that are supposed to enhance efficiency while at the same time reducing the toxic side effects that are linked with the chemotherapies that treat cancer are being sought. Nanotechnology is being used in the treatment of cancer in two wide areas that include the development of nanovectors like nanoparticles that may contain medications or imaging agents which are

The Eruption of Mount Saint Helens Essay Example for Free

The Eruption of Mount Saint Helens Essay â€Å"The Eruption of Mount St. Helens† On May 18th, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano, Mount St. Helens erupted. This eruption caused widespread terror throughout the towns surrounding the mountain. The magma from the volcano burned up the forest and killed most of the animals in the area. It affected the wildlife greatly because, after the eruption, the ecosystem was burned and smoldered thus killing thousands of animals in the region. This eruption was the deadliest of all the volcanic activity in the United States, and the people who live near the mountain are still affected by what the eruption did to this day. There were many warning signs that preceded the nine-hour eruption of Mount St. Helens. After being dormant for 123 years, the volcano showed her first sign of life on Thursday, March 20th. There was a 4. 1 magnitude earthquake that centered directly underneath of the volcano. A week later, the snow on the mountain smudged because of the ash. On March 30th, 79 earthquakes were recorded on the mountain! A few days later, on April 3rd, tremors were recorded signaling movement of magma deep within the volcano. By that time, ash, rocks, and ice chunks were daily occurrences and the slopes were ash-covered. A few days before the eruption, it all stopped. But on May 18th, it all went wrong †¦ On May 18th, 1980, the worse volcanic eruption in United States history occurred. Mount St. Helens, in Washington States, violently erupted. At 8:32 A. M. a 5. 1 magnitude earthquake struck about one mile below the mountain, causing the largest landslide in history. The snow and ice moved at speeds of more than 175 miles per hour and removed over 1300 feet from the summit, sweeping away almost the entire North side of the mountain. The landslide raised temperatures about 60 degrees higher than usual. There was a lot of ash that came out of the volcano when it erupted as well. The ash caused a major problem to the townspeople because it contaminated the oil systems, clogged air filters, and scratched any moving surfaces, like cars and other vehicles. Particularly small, finer ash particles caused electrical shorts in transformers. This caused town wide blackouts. Also, the elevation of the mountain dropped from 9677 feet to 8363 feet. It decreased more than 1300 feet! This famous eruption had many affects on the wildlife and the people in the region. Thousands of small game, fish, insects and birds were killed along with black-tailed deer, elk, bears, and goats. All life in Spirit Lake was slain as well. The residents and visiting tourist of the area were affected too. There were a lot of architectural damages. For example, about 250 houses were obliterated. Roads and railways were destroyed. Also, 27 bridges were demolished. 57 people died and 36 more were rescued from being trapped underneath of debris or in their cars. There was significant crop loss in the area, about $100 million. The logging industry was hit hardest. About 25% of the forest had been wiped out, enough to build 300,000 two-bedroom homes! This eruption did not take it easy on the area. Despite how much damage it did, people still came together to try to help out. Their efforts have really paid off. Most of the houses have been rebuilt. But some still suffer from the flood damage. A significant number of trees have grown back, too. However, the timber industry isn’t back to the rate it was before the eruption, but it is still recovering steadily. It has been a pretty long time since this occurrence, but Spirit Lake still is inhabitable for fish. Only small creatures and bacteria can survive. Many people wonder â€Å"When can we expect it erupt again? † No one can really tell for sure. The eruption of 1980 wasn’t predicted, and future eruptions will probably also be unpredictable. But before the eruption of 1980, the volcano had been dormant for well over 100 years. The volcano can erupt whenever it wishes, whether it be tomorrow or another hundred years from now! Well then when will it erupt? Only time will tell.

Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex Essay -- Neurology Health Medical Ess

Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex The prefrontal cortex is involved in a wide variety of functions. It is known as the area of the brain which has â€Å"executive control†, taking input from other areas of the brain and combining and applying those functions (Kalat 2004). Lesions to the prefrontal area can greatly impair overt behavior of an inflicted individual. These deficits are dependent upon the severity of the lesion and the specific region of the prefrontal cortex in which the lesion resides (ventrolateral, dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and anterior prefrontal)(Eslinger 2003). Individuals with prefrontal lesions usually display emotional, social and moral deficits (Elinger 2003). Social learning is impaired and adaptive learning does not appear to extend beyond avoidance of punishment in most cases(Anderson 1999). Personality is marked by poor judgment, minimal insight into/slight anticipation of consequence, a desire for autonomy but a lack of self- initiation, lack of sense of competency, lack of identity, a lack of relationship between self and others and self and environment, and a deficit in motivation and goal directed behavior(Eslinger 2003). Most cases do not appear to experience anxiety or fear. These persons tend to be egocentric, easily irritated, impatient, and display â€Å"shallow† emotions(Trauner 2001). They cannot harness their emotions to use in an adaptive manner regarding learning from experience, and developing and maintaining relationships. Empathy, moral decision making and comprehension are usually erratically rule- based and self-serving. There is an inability to demonstrate perspective taking and limited to no perception... ...re Neuroscience,2(11),1032-1036. Eslinger, Paul J., Flaherty-Craig, Claire V., Benton, Arthur L. (2004). Developmental outcomes after early prefrontal cortex damage. Brain and Cognition, 55, 84- 103. Kalat, James W. (2004) Biological Psychology. Ontario, Canada: Wadsworth. Lawson, C. â€Å"Social Skills and School† www.cdl.org/resources/reading_room/social_skills.html. May 3, 2005. Mah, Linda, Arnold, Miriam C., Grafman, Jordan. Impairment of social perception associated with lesions of the prefrontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1247-1255. Thimble, Michael.H. (1990). Psychopathology of frontal lobe syndromes. Seminars in Neurology, 10(3). Trauner, Doris A., Nass R., Ballantyne A.(2001) Behavioural profiles of children and adolescents after pre- or perinatal unilateral brain damage. Brain, Vol. 124(5), 995-1002.

The Birthday Party by Pinter as a Comedy of Manner :: essays research papers

AS 'COMEDY OF MANNER' Once asked what his plays are about, Pinter lobbed back a phrase "the weasel under the cocktail cabinet", which he regrets has been taken seriously and applied in popular criticism. Despite Pinter's protestations to the contrary, many reviewers and other critics still find that Pinter's "remark", though "facetious"(teasing), is still an apt description of his plays. Now the Phrase "comedy of menace" is often applied to it and suggests that although they are funny, they are also frightening or menacing in a vague and undefined way. Even as they laugh, the audience is unsettled, ill at ease and uncomfortable. Pinter?s own comment clarifies it: "more often than not the speech only seems to be funny - the man in question is actually fighting a battle for his life". (What situations appear funny to us? But in fact for the character concerned is a terrifying experience.) Now the question arises that does Pinter?s work really go in accordance to the ?comedy of manners. A critic says: "Pinter restored theatre to its basic elements: an enclosed space and unpredictable dialogue, where people are at the mercy of each other and pretence crumbles. With a minimum of plot, drama emerges from the power struggle and hide-and-seek of interlocution. Pinter's drama was first perceived as a variation of absurd theatre, but has later more aptly been characterized as 'comedy of menace,' a genre where the writer allows us to eavesdrop (spy) on the play of domination and submission hidden in the most mundane of conversations. In a typical Pinter play we meet people defending themselves against intrusion or their own impulses by establishing themselves in a reduced and controlled existence. Another principal theme is the unpredictability and elusiveness (ambiguity) of the past." The general setting of the play is naturalistic and mundane, involving no menace. However one of Pinter?s greatest skills is his ability to make an apparently normal and trivial object, like a toy drum, appear strange and threatening. Pinter can summon forth an atmosphere of menace from ordinary everyday objects and events, and one way in which this is done is by combining two apparently opposed moods, such as terror and amusement. Another technique that Pinter uses to create an atmosphere of menace is to cast doubt on almost everything in the play. One method of doing this is to have a character give a clear and definite statement and then have him flatly deny it later on.

Mobile Phones Have Improved Our Lives in Every Way

MOBILE PHONES HAVE IMPROVED OUR LIVES IN EVERY WAY We live in the era of smart phones and not that smart people. Are mobile phones really necessary or are they just toys that think instead of us and help us escape from our boring lives? On one hand mobile phones are very beneficial. Thanks to all intelligent technological tools, you can call or text anyone you want, even if they are not close. You can call the emergency if you are stuck in an accident.In addition, one of the perks is definitely the internet access which you can reach wherever you are. Whether you are waiting for someone to come and are bored, you can listen to music. Nowadays you do not have to carry and agenda with you, because this sophisticated apparatuses remember all the appointments and reminders you might forget. On the other hand, you can easily get distracted by mobile phones, what sometimes can lead to obsessions. Not to mention the radiation and its consequences which cause infertility and many other healt h risks.Is it not sad when you meet and old friends of yours for a coffee and you both end up hanging on the mobile phones and become extremely anti-social? All in all, technological phenomenon of modern time are one of the greatest discoveries so far and our lives would never be the same if they did not exist, because they have made our lives easier in every single way. I believe that the benefits of using mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages, but only if the usage is under control. Therefore, we must not let them use us, we must use them!

General Rules About Abbreviations

General Rules About Abbreviations General Rules About Abbreviations General Rules About Abbreviations By Mark Nichol This post outlines basic rules about abbreviations. There is a bewildering variety of standards, which will be explained in more detail in subsequent posts about specific categories of abbreviation, but the following guidelines cover an array of general types. Use of abbreviation varies widely depending on the formality of writing employed for a given publication or a piece of content. Generally, the more formal the content, the less likely it is that abbreviation will be used, except in multiple references to terms commonly abbreviated or in tabular matter and other graphic elements. In formal writing, journalistic contexts, and some informal content as well, terms are spelled out on first reference, followed by abbreviation in parentheses, as in â€Å"The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellite signals to fix the location of a radio receiver on or above the earth’s surface.† Thereafter, the abbreviation is used exclusively. However, this tradition applies to single pieces of content, so that- unless, for example, an entire publication is devoted to articles about GPS technology- two articles in a publication that mention it will independently introduce the full spelled-out version of an abbreviation on first reference. Note, too, that specialized publications will likely abbreviate all references to widely used terms in that specialty. Abbreviations consisting entirely of uppercase letters (including NY, US, FBI, and NASA) or that end with an uppercase letter (as in PhD) are not followed by a period; some publications retain periods in these types of abbreviations (at least two-letter ones), but that style is in decline. Abbreviations that end with a lowercase letter (a.m., Dr., i.e., etc.) are generally followed by a period. Acronyms (abbreviations of phrases using initial letters of each word to form new word, such as AIDS) are almost invariably styled in all capital letters, though some, such as laser and scuba, have lost their uppercase form, and Nasdaq is treated as a proper noun. Initialisms (abbreviations of phrases using initial letters of each word, each of which is pronounced, such as FBI) are also generally capitalized. When using an article before an abbreviation, choose a or an depending on the first sound, not the first letter, of the abbreviation: â€Å"an NBA [en-bee-ay] team† but â€Å"a NASA [nasa] program.† Avoid ampersands except in proper names (â€Å"Johnson Johnson†) and in widely known abbreviations (â€Å"RD,† for â€Å"research and development†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†50 Tips on How to Write Good

William Rehnquist, Supreme Court Chief Justice

William Rehnquist, Supreme Court Chief Justice President Richard M. Nixon appointed William Rehnquist to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1971. Fifteen years later President Ronald Reagan named him as the court’s Chief Justice, a position that he held until his death in 2005. During the last eleven years of his term on the Court, there was not a single change in the roster of nine justices. Early Life and Career Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on October 1, 1924, his parents named him William Donald. He would later change his middle name to Hubbs, a family name after a numerologist informed Rehnquist’s mother that he would be more successful with the middle initial of H.   Rehnquist attended Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio for one quarter before joining the U.S. Air Force during World War II. Although he served from 1943 to 1946, Rehnquist did not see any combat. He was assigned to a meteorology program and was stationed for a time in North Africa as a weather observer. After being discharged from the Air Force, Rehnquist attended Stanford University where he received both a bachelors and a masters degree in political science. Rehnquist then went to Harvard University where he received a masters in government before attending Stanford Law School where he graduated first in his class in 1952 while Sandra Day OConnor graduated third in that same class. Upon graduation from law school, Rehnquist spent a year working for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson as one of his law clerks.   As a law clerk, Rehnquist authored a very controversial memo defending the Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. Plessy was opinion as a landmark case that was decided in 1896 and upheld the constitutionality of laws passed by states that required racial segregation in public facilities under the separate but equal doctrine. This memo advised Justice Jackson to uphold Plessy in deciding Brown v. Board of Education in which a unanimous court ended up overturning Plessy.   From Private Practice to the Supreme Court Rehnquist spent 1953 to 1968 working in private practice in Phoenix before returning to Washington, D.C. in 1968 where he worked as an assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel until President Nixon appointed him as an associate Supreme Court justice. While Nixon was impressed with Rehnquist’ support for debatable procedures such as pretrial detention and wiretapping, but civil rights leaders, as well as some Senators, were not impressed due to the Plessy memo that Rehnquist had written some nineteen years earlier. During confirmation hearings, Rehnquist was grilled about the memo to which he responded that the memo accurately reflected Justice Jacksons views at the time it was written and was not pensive of his own views. Although some believed him to be a right-wing fanatic, Rehnquist was easily confirmed by the Senate. Rehnquist quickly showed the conservative nature of his views when joined Justice Byron White as being the only two who dissented from the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision. In addition, Rehnquist also voted against school desegregation. He voted in favor of school prayer, capital punishment, and states rights. Upon Chief Justice Warren Burger retirement in 1986, the Senate confirmed his appointment to replace Burger by a 65 to 33 vote. President Reagan nominated Antonin Scalia to fill vacant associate justice seat. By 1989, President Reagan’s appointments had created a new right majority which allowed the Rehnquist-led Court to release a number of conservative rulings on issues like capital punishment, affirmative action, and abortion. Also, Rehnquist led wrote the 1995 opinion in the United States v. Lopez case, in which 5 to 4 majority struck down as unconstitutional a federal act which made it illegal to carry a gun in a school zone. Rehnquist served as the presiding judge in President Bill Clinton’s impeachment trial. Further, Rehnquist supported the Supreme Court decision, Bush v. Gore, which ended attempts to recount Florida votes in the 2000 presidential election.  On the other hand, although the Rehnquist Court had the opportunity, it declined to overrule the libera l decisions of Roe v. Wade and Miranda v. Arizona.

Capital Punishment3 essays

Capital Punishment3 essays In society today there are murders committed everyday. And everyday the people who commit these crimes are found guilty in a court of law and sentenced to like in prison. Some even get chances for parole. What the courts should do is take every murderer, give every one of them the death penalty, and follow through with it. The death penalty should be legal in all 50 states and carried through when given out as a sentence. Gary Gilmore faced a firing squad at the Utah State Prison on January 17, 1977. There have been 55 murders in that state during 1976. During 1977, in wake of the Gilmore execution, there were 44 murders: a 20 percent decrease. As you can see, the execution had some effect on the murder rate in Utah. There are very few proven facts about capital punishment deterring crime at this time. This is so because capital punishment is not used enough to actually have an effect on people. It is a fact that of all murder sentences that 38 percent get the death penalty. If that 38 percent only 0.1 percent are executed. If we use the death penalty more often and actually carry through with it will have an effect on the crime rate in the country. People will see that finally we have justice in this country and if they do this, there is a large chance they are going to be caught and they are going to receive the death penalty. We also need the death penalty in this country because if we execute the murderer that person has no chance to ever kill or harm another person again. The person will never have a chance for parole and there will never be a risk of this person ever ruining another familys life. It is not fair for a murderer to get life in prison. The murderer still can have a life, not much of one, but they do have one. He or she can still communicate with their families. The victim of the murder cannot. The victims family will never be ...

Cultural Diversity And Subcultures In The United States Essay

Cultural Diversity And Subcultures In The United States - Essay Example It is interesting to consider the process by which a subculture acclimates to life in the United States. Some may choose to hold fast to as many of their native values and traditions as possible while others may quickly forget who they used to be in exchange for adopting as American customs and value as quickly as possible. Still, others strive for that balance between being proud of their own heritage and accepting that they need to adapt to their new way of life in America. Much research has been conducted on this topic, particularly, in terms of how adolescents acculturate to American culture. Perhaps the two most dominant cultures forming a subculture in the United States would be those from an Asian culture and those of the Hispanic heritage. Since 1965, for example, there has been a steady increase in the number of Korean Americans residing in the country. They are predominately located in California and New York, forming their own subculture in many areas of Los Angeles and New York City, in addition to other pockets around the country as well. Koreans have very strong bonds with their family, and they have a strong sense of Asian values. Research has shown that they largely maintain these customs when living in America. Korean parents often teach their children Korean language, history, morals and general customs. As such, Korean youth is torn between accepting the values and mores of their host culture, while maintaining their strong Asian heritage that their parents are working so hard to protect. An interesting component of this is that South Korean has adopted many western values of their own, such as materialism that has made

Organizational Behaviour - Report for Microsoft Essay

Organizational Behaviour - Report for Microsoft - Essay Example Basically organizational culture is determined by the leadership style, communication and group dynamics of the particular organization. In fact employees would perceive this as the quality of work life which impacts on final outcomes as employee performance, motivation, individual satisfaction and personal growth and development in the organizational environment. Business organizations are those legal entities that engage themselves in the production of a good or service with the intention of selling it for a profit and are much more focused on the long run survival in achieving organizational goals such as profitability, shareholder satisfaction, market share and share price growth, corporate governance, sustainability, market leadership and so on. However the modern conceptualization of the business organization as a paradigm that sets trends to be followed by societies, in which they operate thus influencing the very behavioral dynamics of the members of those societies, is far more revolutionary and thought provoking. Thus this paper would focus on the strategic activities of the senior executives and provide an overview of the operational and tactical decisions implemented by the Microsoft Company. Further it would provide an understanding of the main components of competitive advantage and how these components have sustained the compan y against the backdrop of the behavioral challenges faced by the company in modern business environment. Microsoft Corporation can be identified as a multinational computer software technology company which basically provides different computer software products for computing devices, consumer electronics and video game consoles to its worldwide customers. Its current staff strength is in the region of 93,000 employees working in over 90 odd countries. This figure alone speaks volumes about its business strategies and initiatives. Thus Microsoft’s mission statement is â€Å"To help people and businesses throughout the

Creative Writing Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Writing - Personal Statement Example They pay fees for us to produce results, and it would make no sense if we they do not full results from us. I do believe that I deserve the A grade. First, I have been an active participant in class activities. The professor always received my assignment on time. He always left a positive remark on every assignment that I submitted to him. From this, I do am partially convinced that an â€Å"A† grade is indeed the most appropriate grade for me. Our professor normally set for us exams from what we had learned in class and given as assignment. Remember the proverb, â€Å"where there is smoke, there is always fire† and â€Å"the presence of clouds is a symbol of rain.† How should one know whether a student is speaking the truth or not? (Nosich 28)Whereas others may argue or ask for the evidence concerning my performance, all I can say is that a performing student always stands out from other students. Professors and tutors rarely need evidence to know how a performing or bright student actually look like or behave. Performance always goes hand in hand with character of a person. However, I do not dispute or refuse any suggestions to hand over my assignment books for evaluation or verification of the truth. Some people say, â€Å"valid evidence is the only convincing way or method to truth claims.† I am ready to bring any evidence in support of my claim. In addition to that, I have always been an active participant of our class activities such as writing of successful projects related to CRTW. I believe activeness in any activity outside the class equips an individual with the necessary skills for the practical application of what he or she learnt at class. Using the above method or principle to evaluation, other students and I will undoubtedly provide a leeway for knowing each student personally. I believe it will be the best and most appropriate method for evaluating us. Interpretation of my performance in the past assignments and their analyses will lead

Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Samsung - Essay Example It has been analyzed that the company has a high driving force to expand its business in the future. Thus, the researcher has decided to formulate a research proposal revolving around the scope of business expansion for Samsung through its Smart Phone Products in the global market (Dibb 166). Rational of the Research The states of business affairs for the modern multinational corporations have become highly complex after globalization of the world economy. In this epoch, the corporate firms must try to incorporate modern strategies in their business to effectively exploit the growing market demand for luxuries and comforts. This would help the firms to widen their economic surplus. With the rise in the living standard of the individuals in the global economy and a significant increase in the usage of internet media, the demand for smartphones in the contemporary business world has significantly increased. It is highly rational on behalf of the researcher to choose this situation as t he primary issue of the research proposal (Snowdon and Vane 155). This is because when the demand for smartphones in the global market is significantly increasing and therefore, a growth oriented company like, Samsung, should frame efficient business strategies to increase its smartphones sales in the market (Abideen and Saleem 60). Figure 1: Rise in the demand for Smartphones in the global Market (Source: â€Å"AFP†) The above graph shows that in the world market, the demand for smartphones have increased. Considering the smartphone products of Samsung, the essay will focus on the secondary research method to analyze the precise nature of Samsung smartphones in the industry. For conducting this analysis, the researcher would elaborate on the SWOT and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) analysis of the company, in view of the concerned product lines. SWOT Strengths The smartphones produced by Samsung are highly innovative in terms of design and technology. This is a unique strength of the company and helps the organization to maintain its high brand value in the market. With its quality products and good services, as recorded in 2012, the company has managed to generate a profit of 23.845 billion in the global market. The company enjoys a large share of market demand for its products and thus, has the benefit of economies of scale in production. This has helped the company to manufacture products at low costs. Figure 2: Rising Profit of Samsung (Source: â€Å"About Samsung†) As stated in the above graph, the increasing revenue of the company can be efficiently utilized to explore new business opportunities in future. Weaknesses Samsung does not have its own operating system. So, it needs to acquire an operating system from other companies. This in turn increases its cost of production to some extent. The company tries to increase its revenue by focusing on the improvement of all its products. This is not a strategic business decision. Opportunities The company should capture the growing market demand for smartphones in the emerging economies like, India and China. It will be able to obtain more business patents by making new acquisitions. It should take the advantage of the growing mobile advertising business industry. Threats High competition in the smartphone industry, have saturated the market demand of this

Understanding of Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding of Art - Research Paper Example As she reaches her conclusion, the author reaches out to the audience and her fellow scholars to respect many of the forms of expression that exist. It does not necessarily mean that whatever people do when they need to express themselves is to be termed as art. Also, this does not signify that it is obligated to fit into the contemporary form of West-European art. This is the problem that faces many individuals around the world. If a method of expression is not accepted among the common, expected, and well-known type, it is not hard to hear the term ‘primitive art’ being thrown in the mix. The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experi ence can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art. Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. ... The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experience can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art (Dean 27). Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. This may give them an avenue to find out why som e of the things that people do, do not mean they are focusing on another thing. The term art has been used to describe products of different cultures. However, to them, it was just a way of expressing how they felt, and does not necessarily fall under the art category. By claiming anything that has had human contact, for example, being touched, produced, or moved as simply art, is not doing justice to all that was put into the original purpose of the object (Dean 29). The author’s sources range from interviews to Art journals. All these present the author with a channel to inform anyone that may be interested in different cultural backgrounds. The cultures present have developed different understanding of

Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Samsung - Essay Example It has been analyzed that the company has a high driving force to expand its business in the future. Thus, the researcher has decided to formulate a research proposal revolving around the scope of business expansion for Samsung through its Smart Phone Products in the global market (Dibb 166). Rational of the Research The states of business affairs for the modern multinational corporations have become highly complex after globalization of the world economy. In this epoch, the corporate firms must try to incorporate modern strategies in their business to effectively exploit the growing market demand for luxuries and comforts. This would help the firms to widen their economic surplus. With the rise in the living standard of the individuals in the global economy and a significant increase in the usage of internet media, the demand for smartphones in the contemporary business world has significantly increased. It is highly rational on behalf of the researcher to choose this situation as t he primary issue of the research proposal (Snowdon and Vane 155). This is because when the demand for smartphones in the global market is significantly increasing and therefore, a growth oriented company like, Samsung, should frame efficient business strategies to increase its smartphones sales in the market (Abideen and Saleem 60). Figure 1: Rise in the demand for Smartphones in the global Market (Source: â€Å"AFP†) The above graph shows that in the world market, the demand for smartphones have increased. Considering the smartphone products of Samsung, the essay will focus on the secondary research method to analyze the precise nature of Samsung smartphones in the industry. For conducting this analysis, the researcher would elaborate on the SWOT and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) analysis of the company, in view of the concerned product lines. SWOT Strengths The smartphones produced by Samsung are highly innovative in terms of design and technology. This is a unique strength of the company and helps the organization to maintain its high brand value in the market. With its quality products and good services, as recorded in 2012, the company has managed to generate a profit of 23.845 billion in the global market. The company enjoys a large share of market demand for its products and thus, has the benefit of economies of scale in production. This has helped the company to manufacture products at low costs. Figure 2: Rising Profit of Samsung (Source: â€Å"About Samsung†) As stated in the above graph, the increasing revenue of the company can be efficiently utilized to explore new business opportunities in future. Weaknesses Samsung does not have its own operating system. So, it needs to acquire an operating system from other companies. This in turn increases its cost of production to some extent. The company tries to increase its revenue by focusing on the improvement of all its products. This is not a strategic business decision. Opportunities The company should capture the growing market demand for smartphones in the emerging economies like, India and China. It will be able to obtain more business patents by making new acquisitions. It should take the advantage of the growing mobile advertising business industry. Threats High competition in the smartphone industry, have saturated the market demand of this

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more Essay

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more effective. ''Discuss'' - Essay Example Emotion should never be avoided because it will work on the individual's sub-conscience. The commands should be stressed and emotionally underlined and according to therapists, slight overacting works very well. Conceptual negatives are comprised with words like no, not, never, which are, traditionally not used it hypnosis scripts, can be used in personalised scripts in a very suggestive and forceful way, without conveying a negative meaning. "There is no need for you hesitate; you will find the entire experience exhilarating!" Four sense test increases the power of the suggestion by lengthening it. This only means decorating the expectations of the hypnotised person, by glorifying it. By creating a sensational visualisation, with powerful and persuasive approach the theorist can improve the impact tremendously. According to recent researches, hypnosis has the power to change the functioning of the brain, by using functional brain imaging, according to John Gruzlier. (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6385-hypnosis-really-changes-your-mind.html ) It has always been known that mind works differently while in hypnotised state and this proves the compliance theory wrong.

State and federal Essay Example for Free

State and federal Essay How a society punishes their criminals can say a lot about the way the citizens live their lives. Here in the United States we would rather take better care of someone in prison for life than a person on the street who has never committed a crime in their life. The philosophy and practices has changed drastically in the last 30 years. Rehabilitation was the main focus for the beginning of the 20th century. This gave way to a new found focus on justice, and fairness in the 1970s. Crime control was the next practice of sentencing, this emphasized jail time as a way to reduce the crime in a community. During the 1980s-1990s this model of crime control was very popular. The emphasis on goals of the sentencing, and corrections policies, and practices can be characterized. Sentencing has four major goals that are normally attributed to it: deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retribution. Retribution is from the 21 centuries model of â€Å"just deserts.† The main idea is that if someone breaks the law they should be punished. The other three uses more emphasize on protecting the public. The way they go about is how they differ. Deterrence focuses on the burdensome aspect of a punishment. This makes the offender think about what he or she is, has, or is about to do. This is to make a rational thought that the chance of getting caught is too high, not worth the risk. The idea is to make the person (specific deterrence) who may commit the crime so afraid of the punishment, and detour others (general deterrence) from committing the same crime. Incapacitation is when a person is deprived the capacity to commit a crime due to the fact they are, well in prison. Next is rehabilitation. The goal here is to change the way an offender thinks, and acts so that they do not commit crimes any more. This is done by usually offering an education to an offender. When all of this is combined, and put to work it creates a large work load for the corrections departments across the United States. Though not one of these works best for every prison, city, or inmate, but when combined can be a useful tool. The corrections system takes a large blow depending on how a crime or offender is sentenced. With most jails, and prisons near, at, or over capacity they must take each sentence in to consideration. For retribution there can be very little impact on a large scale prison, but for a small town corrections department this can make an impact. When an offender is charged with a crime, and is sentenced with a form for retribution, community service for example. For every person that is sentenced in this way it takes more resources to complete the task for the corrections department. If more offenders were sentenced to probation or parole the impact on the corrections system would be much less. This would defeat the purpose of the system many times. The idea behind the sentence is to get the criminal off the streets, and out of the community. Rehabilitation is considered to be the only punishment that is a combination of the reduction of crime with the offender’s rights intact. Crime can be deterred by long prison terms, and capital punishment, rehabilitation will only work if the offender can re-enter the community or society. If this is not an option extreme punishments need not to be ruled out. If one is to favor a â€Å"right’s oriented rehabilitation,† this is to accept the criminal’s liability to receive punishment, but also assumes the right on his or her part to be able to return to society, and be a contributing member of a community. This idea is often referred to as â€Å"state-obligated rehabilitation.† This meaning that if the right of the state is to punish, they also must be able to educate their prisoners. The idea is that no more harm comes than was intended at the time of the sentence. One can go as far as to say that if the state or federal prison system does not provide a source of rehabilitation to the inmates it would be cruel and unusual punishment. If the goal is to rehabilitate the criminals, and one day have them back on the street as functioning members of a society that we want so badly to be safe, and secure then yes. Prison should be a harsh environment, but at the same time a place where one can gain a new found  appreciation for a hard work ethic or a basis education. Also along with this prison needs to be a place where an offender can look back, and be thankful for the time they spent their because of the education they received, but at the same time never want to return because it is such a horrible place. According to The Free Dictionary (2013), â€Å"Determinate Sentence – A sentence to confinement for a fixed or minimum period that is specified by statute.   Indeterminate Sentence – The prison term imposed after conviction for a crime which does not state a specific period of time or release date, but just a range of time, such as â€Å"five-to-ten years.† My personal opinion is that indeterminate sentencing is a more appropriate approach to sentencing. For one there are so many variables that can go into a case that if a cookie cutter approach is tried to be used there will be several things over looked, and then many things over emphasized. The idea for a punishment to be passed down that is fair to the individual not the crime. Though I believe that some crimes should have a determinate sentence to them with an option of adjustment depending of the situation, but for the most part if someone breaks that law, no matter who, what, why, where, or when they get the same sentence. An example According to OMally Law Office (2013), †A man convicted of sexual assault on his maid had his sentence reduced from 28 years to life, to 8 years to life in an Arapahoe County, Colorado court recently. This story was reported in a CBS Denver 4 News release. Homaida Al-Turki, a Saudi-Arabia citizen, was accused and convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault related to keeping his maid as a sex slave in his Aurora, Colorado home. The reduction in sentence was said to be ordered because Mr. Al-Turki, who was incarcerated at a Limon, Colorado facility for the past five years, displayed good behavior, and also due implications from a recent Colorado Supreme Court ruling in a case unrelated to Mr. Al-Turki. It is important to note that Mr. Al-Turki still faces an indeterminate sentence. Indeterminate sentencing in Colorado means that a defendant may be kept for  his entire life, regardless of his minimum sentence. So, the practice effect is that if the parole board desires to keep Mr. Al-Turki in the custody of the Colorado Department of Corrections forever, they can. In effect, the sentence reduction only impacts the minimum sentence this defendant must serve, not the maximum. Indeterminate sentences in Colorado only come into play with Colorado sex offenses. Whether it is Douglas County, Weld County, Larimer County or another Colorado County, indeterminate sentences are devastating.†

A study of girish karnads yayati

A study of girish karnads yayati As a reader of Karnads plays, one has to pay attention to their sources. Almost every text has a source in that the plot is derived from somewhere. The common sources of his plays include myth, folk tale, Puranas, historical chronicles, epics etc. He seems to have inspired from Shakespeare who follows the same tendency of adapting recognized plots. The modern dramatists tend to use original plots, or any well known historical or political event, or adapt a popular Greek myth. There is nothing wrong with the practice of adapting any known or unknown text since it may provide you with the new insight into the source text. Some critics even say that every literature is based on another literature as it carries the echoes of its procreator. For Peter Allen, literary texts are built from systems, codes, and traditions established by previous works of literature (2000: 1). The exercise of finding how the original texts are adapted and the new meaning generated in the process is worth attem pting; it offers us with a new perspective on the subject, event, plot etc. The adaptation is normally a process of putting a source text into another genre, a kind of switch over. Many fictions have been transformed into successful plays or films and vice versa: Jhumph Lahiris Namesake, for instance, is made into a film. In the West, it is a popular practice to dramatize a prose narrative or fiction. Sometimes, the adapted text provides a kind of commentary on a source text (Sanders: 18). It offers a new perspective, a viewpoint which is not realized or focused in the source text. It tries to simplify a difficult or unintelligible text to the new readership. Modern Shakespeare is a very good example of such practice. It is a kind of reinterpretation of the canonical texts either by moulding them into a different genre or relocating their cultural context. Besides, the more the adaptation deviates from the source text, the more creative and original it becomes. The question of fidelity towards the source text is irrelevant as it undermines the creativity and innovativeness of the adapted text. The recent success of adaptations is a clear rejection of all those who term these acts as imitations, copying or plagiarism, or repetition. This is because they sustain or prolong our pleasure of the source text. As John Ellis puts it, Adaptation into another medium becomes a means of prolonging the pleasure of the original presentation, and repeating the production of a memory (1982: 4-5). Adaptation is a never ending process; as long as the source text sustains its relevance, a need to adapt it would be felt. Adaptation of a popular story is a profitable enterprise for many reasons. It has already attracted the attention of readers. It has reached a large section of people, and its properties- title, author, characters-may be a franchise in or of themselves already (wikipedia). All these reasons prompt writers to attempt adaptations regularly thereby to be assured of the success of their works. Though adaptation into a stage play is a common activity, it has its own limitations due to the spacio-temporal restrictions of the stage. A playwright has to work within these restrictions by adopting various techniques such as ellipsis, interpolation, narrative etc. Karnad engages himself in what Genette calls transgeneric practice i.e. adapting mythic narratives, folk narratives and historical chronicles into drama. He takes plots from these sources and delivers them in new dramatic forms. In that sense all his plays are transpositions in which the original narratives are adapted with the aesthetic conventions of an entirely different generic process (Sanders: 20). Moulded into a new form these texts offer a new perspective of life which is relevant in the present context. Karnad derives plots from these sources because he feels that they are relevant and enable him to reflect on the contemporary social and political life in a more subtle and systematic way. There are many taboos and forbidden things in the world which can not be discussed overtly. Otherwise you would invite the irk of society unnecessarily. Sources such as myth, folk or historical events/lives of historical figures offer him with a safety valve which enables the expression of the unacceptable or forbidden ideas in an acceptable manner. To put it simply, one can camouflage ones comment on the present social and political conditions with these adaptations. Take the example of Tughlaq which is considered to be a critique of Post-Nehru era in Indian politics. Tughlaq helps Karnad in expressing the disillusionment after the death of Pandit Nehru effectively. The play that started Girish Karnads successful career as a playwright was Yayati. It was penned over a few weeks in 1960 when Karnad was planning to leave India for Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar for three years against the wishes of his parents. Hence, the play had its relevance that older generation demand sacrifices on the part of younger generation. Unlike his other play, it was Priya Adarkar who first translated the play. It served the purpose until Girish Karnad himself felt the need to translate it in 2008. Actually he was reluctant to touch the play, a work of his juvenilia (written when he was only twenty two.) The present translation of the play by Karnad is, therefore, modified and enriched with the suggestions from Satyadev Dubey, Dr. Shreeram Lagoo, and C. R. Simha. On the suggestion of Kurtkoti, Karnad, in Yayati, tried to reinterpret the myth psychoanalytically like Eugene ONeill. Karnad was very much influenced by ONeills Mourning Becomes Electra and wanted to achieve the same kind of intensity. Karnad found the myth of Yayati-Devayani-Sharmishtha rich in possibilities for the expression of psychological and physiological needs of human beings and social obligations. It was moulded on John Anouilhs plays as he was influenced by Alkazi (who had tremendous influence of Anouilh). He experienced Anouilh through Alkazi and wrote his first play Yayati which was inspired from Anitigone. The myth of Yayati-Devayani-Sharmishtha has been continuously adapted in Indian literature. It has been turned into many plays and novels. There are films based on the myth. In Marathi literature, the two Jnanapith Awardees Khandekar and Shiravadkar (Kusumagraj) adapted the myth into a novel and a stage play respectively. Indian writers fascination with the myth of Yayati still exists and works based on the myth pour in every year. However, Karnads adaptation holds an important place in these outnumbering adaptations. He challenges the very authority of parents by inventing the character of Chitralekha who questions the moral authority of Yayati in taking over her husbands youth on the very first night of their marriage. According to Devdutta Pattaniak (2006 article: Myth Theory), in Hindu mythology there is a famous Yayati Complex, that is, parents expecting sacrifices on the part of their children to fulfill their selfish motives. He termed it as reverse Oedipus Complex. In Greek mythology, there are numerous tales depicting a son responsible for the death of his father. For example, the famous tale of Oedipus Rex. However, in Hindu mythology we have the reverse situation i.e. a father destroys his son to fulfill his ambitions. Whether it is Bhisma, Rama or Pooru, they have to sacrifice for the sake of their fathers. The Yayati Complex indicates the moral obligations in Indian family which even Karnad had to abide by when he decided to go to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar for three years. Hence, Karnad employed the myth to show the intricacies of Indian family structure and challenge its moral authority which makes sons like Pooru to sacrifice their prime and precious things to keep it intact. He write s, While I was writing the play, I saw it only as an escape from my stressful situation. But looking back, I am amazed at how precisely the myth reflected my anxieties at that moment, my resentment with all those who seemed to demand that I sacrifice my future. By the time I had finished working on Yayati-during the three weeks it took the ship to reach England and in the lonely cloisters of the university the myth had enabled me to articulate to myself a set of values that I had been unable to arrive at rationally. Whether to return home finally seemed the most minor of issues; the myth had nailed me to the past (2008: 74). Karnad sticks to the original story as far as the past of the characters is concerned. The prenuptial conflicting relation of Devayani and Sharmishtha, Yayatis encounter with Devayani whom he found in a well after her quarrel with Sharmishtha, and his marriage with Devayani form the part of exposition which is spread through the play. In the play, Yayatis liaison with Sharmishtha and willingness to marry her angers Devayani. She makes her father Shukracharya curse Yayati for his transgression to become decrepitude. In the original story, Devayani learns about the marriage between Sharmishtha and Yayati from their sons. Interpolation is a common feature in adaptations. Karnad too invents the character of Chitralekha as a wife of Pooru. Her function is to questions the moral authority of Yayati in taking her husbands youth for his sensuous pleasure. She suggests Yayati to take over the role of husband. Chitralekha: I did not know Prince Pooru when I married him. I married him for his youth. For his potential to plant the seed of the Bharatas in my womb. He has lost that potency now. He doesnt possess any of the qualities for which I married him. But you do. Yayati (flabbergast): Chitralekha! Chitralekha: You have taken over your sons youth. It follows that you should accept everything that comes attached to it. Yayati: Whore! Are you inviting me to fornification? (2008:65-66) The suggestion of Chitralekha makes Yayati realize his mistake and her suicide forces him to return Poorus youth. Swarnalatas character like that of Chitralekha is invented and runs parallel to the disenchantment experienced by the latter. She has also lost her husband and thinks that death brings peace, the deliverance from uncertainty (2008: 60). However, she repents her proposition when she finds Chitralekha, taking cue from her speech, commits suicide. Just as Swarnalatas husband deserted her when he learned about her relationship with her teacher, Devayani too deserts Yayati after he makes love to Sharmishtha. Swarnalatas married life is Karnads addition to the original tale. Tranpositional practices form the core of adaptation activity as genre-switch is mostly what is expected of it. Karnad takes the story from one genre i.e. mythic story as it appeared in Mahabharata and delivers it to new audiences by means of the aesthetic conventions of an entirely different generic process, a stage play. Yayatis story which happened over many years is shown to be happening in a very limited span of time in Karnads Yayati. He has to cut or shorten many action units to focus on the core part of the myth i.e. transplantation of age. Most of the events are merely narrated and conveyed or suggested by characters the past of Devayani and Sharmishtha, Shukracharya cursing Yayati, Poorus marriage and many other events. The identity of Poorus mother is not revealed until the third and fourth Act. In the first Act, there is an impression that Devayani is Poorus mother unlike in the original tale. However, it becomes clear from the third Act that it is Sharmishtha not Devayani who is the mother of Pooru. The revelation of Sharmishtha as Poorus mother makes us understand that Yayati has been in love with her for a long time keeping Devayani in ignorance. It is only in the second Act that she becomes witness to their transgression and decides to leave the palace. That means Sharmishtha is not shown married to Yayati as in the original tale. And it is more than mere vengeance on the part of Sharmishtha in the play. She remains firm behind Yayati and tries to prevent him from exchanging his decrepitude with anyone including Pooru. She wants him to accept his fate and lead a life of an ascetic. Overall Karnad has been faithful to the source text of Yayati. However, he has made few changes to intensify the theme of social obligations and ripeness is all. As Karnad says: †¦old age brings no knowledge, no self realization, only the senselessness of a punishment meted out for an act in which he (Pooru) had not even participated (2008: 73). The play shows that mere old age (i.e.Yayati) should not be revered but the maturity of a youth (i.e. Pooru). The adaptation of the myth of Yayati by Karnad has its relevance not only at the time it was written but also to the present time when children have to sacrifice their wishes to the whims of their parents who are competing with other parents. However, some children are also forcing their loved ones to bend to their wishes. So it is very clear that adaptations provide us with new perspectives and points of view.

Pop Art1 :: Essays Papers, informative, pop art

Pop Art1 The birth of Pop art (short for Popular art) emerged in England between the years of 1950 and 1960, but heightened to its full potential in New York. Pop art was a form of rebellion against Abstract Expressionism. Pop artists felt that â€Å"Abstract Expressionism was an elite art, to which only a tiny class, mainly of painters and poets, could respond† (30 Compton). Pop artists also considered them pretentious and over-intense and at the same time, only selling to the greedy middle class. So, in order for the artists who were against Abstract Expressionism to dissent from that pretentious position they created Pop art. Pop art is the imagery of popular culture drawn from the cinema, television, advertising, comics and packaging to express abstract formal relationships. Furthermore, Pop artists also duplicated common mass production images such as beer bottles, soup cans, comic strips and road signs in paintings, collages, and sculptures. Others actually incorporated the objects themselves into their paintings and sculptures, and often times modifying them as well. Materials of modern technology, such as plastic, urethane foam, and acrylic paint, were also included in some of their art works. Critics did not easily accept this new and bizarre style of art. In fact, the â€Å"politically engaged critics †¦ complained that Pop art is the art of passive acceptance† and that the subject matters are wild and impassioned, â€Å"and therefore in itself a satire on American life†. (30 Compton) However, that is rarely the case, the artists may be radical but they never intend to satirize the American life.

Compare the portrayal of men and women in Turned and in Tony Kytes, the arch -deceiver :: Charlotte Perkins Gilman Thomas Hardy

‘Turned’ by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and ‘Tony kytes, the arch-deceiver’ by Thomas Hardy, are both short stories. They are about the relationships between men and women. ‘Turned’ is a more severe story. It is about a man called Mr Marroner going abroad for work, and his wife finding out that Mr Marroner had slept with their servant Gerta. Gerta then becomes pregnant and, consequently Mrs Marroner tells Gerta to leave. However, Mrs Marroner soon realises that it was Mr Marroner’s fault, and therefore Mrs Marroner and Gerta leave before Mr Marroner returns home. ‘Tony Kytes, the arch deceiver’ is a more light-hearted story. Tony is a man that likes a lot of women, and there are a lot of women that like Tony. Tony is supposed to be engaged to a young women named Milly, however on a journey home from town he meets two other girls. Both are previous girlfriends and they start flirting with him. Tony ends up with two girls hiding in the back of his wagon and one sitting beside him. He gets in a bit of a muddle. However he ends marrying Milly. This story is about a man who is unsure about how he feels towards his fiancà ©. Mrs. Marroner from ‘turned’ was a well educated, high society woman. She lived in Boston, an upper-class suburb, had a Ph.D. and once lectured at university. A woman being highly educated was very rare for the early 20th century. Because of her suburban upbringing and education she was a confident, free thinking and independent women who relied on no one. She was the more dominant person in her marriage. We know that she has interesting life as the author says ‘her well-filled, well-balanced mind, her many interests.’ This proves that she has an interesting life and has many interests. Mrs Marroner’s feelings for Gerta change a lot throughout the story. When she first found out that Gerta was pregnant, she was devastated, very emotional. She could not believe that something like this could happen because Gerta was almost like a daughter to Mrs Marroner. When Mrs Marroner had thought about what had happened her feelings for Gerta changed again, she re alised that it was Mr Marroners fault. She then decided to forgive Gerta. Many women would put up with a bad husband rather than have no husband, however, Mrs Marroner isn’t like this. She leaves her husband to take care of Gerta.

Price for education Essay

The observation of the university official is incomplete. While she might be correct in her assertion that demand for admission may be completely price inelastic, basing such a conclusion on the fact that the number or quality of the students applying over the last 15 years has not decreased despite the doubling of the tuition fees over the same period of time is not the only consideration that should be examined. In finding out if the demand for admission is completely price inelastic, it is important to not only examine the figures from a single university but also the figures from other universities. Education and therefore admission is a good that is not easy to quantify. The continued influx of students despite the doubling of tuition fees could merely be a function of the improved performance of the university over the same period of time. Given that this is the case, it cannot be said that the demand for admission is completely price inelastic. Another factor that must be examined is the number of students who are applying for all universities. According to the law of supply and demand, the price of a good can continually increase without a noticeable change in demand if the supply is limited. Applying this theory to the case at hand, it can safely be argued that the demand for admission is not completely price inelastic but is rather explained by the fact that there is a lack of universities to begin with. Given the limited supply, students will still enroll at the said university despite the doubling of the tuition rates because of a lack of universities. Price elasticity or lack thereof can be explained by many factors. The presence of alternatives or lack thereof would be one possible explanation. Another perspective would be to consider the fact that even if the price for education has increased, there has also been a corresponding increase in the wages/income of people and improvement in the standard of living. Basing the assumption on a single observation is not enough such as the assertion of the university official in this case.

Cognitive, Cognitive Behavioral, and Reality Theory Essay

There are many definitions of counseling, but most share the same idea: it is when one person helps another. To me counseling represents one word more than any other: Change. One person is unhappy with some area of their life and wants it to change while the other person helps to facilitate that change. Just as there are many definitions of counseling there are many types of counseling with different philosophies. The foundation of cognitive therapy is that thoughts have the ability to influence individual’s feelings. One’s emotional reaction to a situation can be derived from their explanation of the situation. For instance, one experience the feelings of one heart racing and shortness of breath. If these physical symptoms occurred while one were lying peacefully in ones bed while watching television, the symptoms would more than be recognized to a medical condition, such as a heart attack, leading to fear and anxious emotions. In contrast, if these same physical symptoms occurred while running through the park on a beautiful afternoon, they would not be attributed to a medial ailment, and would likely no lead to fear or anxiety. Different interpretations of the same sensations can lead to entirely different emotions. Congitive therapy suggests that a great deal of our emotions are due out thought process; the way that we perceive or interpret our environment. These thoughts sometimes have a way of being bias or even distorted. Within the scope of cognitive therapy individuals learn to distinguish between their thoughts and feelings. They are also made aware of the way in which their thoughts have and can influence feelings that are not necessarily to their benefit. Therapists also evaluate critically whether clients  Ã¢â‚¬Å"automatic† thoughts and assumptions are accurate or biased. They also work to develop skills to notice, interrupt and correct these biased thoughts independently. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) covers numerous therapeutic approaches and is widely used to treat various psychological issues. In general, CBT is short-term and focuses on assisting clients with very specific issues. The treatment process enables clients to identify and change negative or alarming thought patterns that are contributing to or causing destructive behavior. CBT has been studied extensively because the treatment is focused on an extremely specific goal and the outcome can be measured easily (Good). Cognitive behavior therapy can be helpful in treating many mental disorders, but also can be used as a tool to help anyone who is dealing with the stress of everyday life. It is known that the root to most anger problems is stress and not understanding how to cope with stress. As many of life adolescents go through life the problems they are facing are getting bigger. So it is a need to learn techniques to manage these issues. Cognitive behavior therapy can assist with this by allowing the young person to see these situations in a different perspective. â€Å"Cognitive behavior therapy can allow a person to heighten awareness by keeping track of the triggers and the time in which they felt the most stress and how long it took for the triggers and the time in which they felt the most stress and how long it took for the stress to produce anger† (Hart, S. L., & Hart, T.A. (2010). By knowing this information and by changing the way a person is thinking, there are changes in the em otions and behavior pattern. Once an adolescent has learned these techniques it will allow them to cope in a more positive way, without anger. William Glasser developed Reality Therapy; he believed that nearly all human unhappiness is stems by people trying to manage others. He says, â€Å"The only behavior we can control is our own; by the same token, no one can make us do anything we do not want to. It is only when we give up spending our energy trying to force others to conform to our ideas or to keep them from doing the same to us that we are able to live the way we want to.† (William Glasser) In order to change a patient the therapist needs to change what the client is thinking and doing because these behaviors are controllable. One needs to assume personal responsibility for his or her feelings. The Choice theory of Reality therapy challenges the client to accept his or her part in actually creating his or her feelings. The choice theory emphasizes how people think and act therefore we can see that it shares some of the concepts of the cognitive behavior approach. There is always a learning curve when developing a new theory. There is the uncertainty of its efficacy and acceptance. One would believe as these theories continue to evolve and is practiced with clients this will no longer be an issue. I believe if a counselor knows the importance of the spiritual beliefs of the clients they are able to have a thorough understanding of their views and feeling towards the issues in their lives. I also believe that then they are able to help client’s determine that they are loved, accepted and have a purpose. Reference: Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and interventions; Third Edition by David Capuzzi and Douglas R. Gross Glass, W. (1997), Choice Theory and Student Success, Education Digest, 63, 3, p.16. 6p Good Therapy (ND). Mindfulness Approaches/Contemplative Approaches. Retrieved August 5, 2013 from http://www.goodtherapy.org/mindfulness-based-approaches-contemplative-approaches.html. Hart, S. L., & Hart, T. A. (2010). The Future of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions within Behavioral Medicine. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 24(4), 344-353. Howatt, W. (2011). The Human Services Counseling Toolbox. Theory, Development, and Resources. Pgs. 113, 131, 147-150.

Rent-A-Car Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rent-A-Car - Assignment Example ERAC offers excellent rates. By this rates are lower than competitors. They offer excellent choices of vehicles to customers that suit their needs. They maintain highly trained and educated drivers. Drivers are representatives of the company, that management sees to it they are respectable and educated, aside from giving them incentives. Service Profit chain is an established relation between the profitability, customer loyalty, employee satisfaction, loyalty, and productivity. The service-profit chains goes like this: Customer loyalty is the result of customer satisfaction. Satisfaction is driven by the value of the services provided to customers. Value is created by satisfied loyal and productive employees. Employee satisfaction is the result of company support and policies that enable employees to deliver good results to customers. The end result of the chain is productivity that enhances profitability. Success of ERAC starts with providing good service that is rewarded by customer loyalty. Satisfaction of customers are triggered by the good service of employees who are inspired to work for the company because of the pleasant working environment. A pleasant environment produces high-quality service that makes everybody

Provide a compelling conclusion to my thesis which answers beyond Essay

Provide a compelling conclusion to my thesis which answers beyond doubt the question, - Essay Example ce the early 1980s may have made it more likely that financial factors in general, and the booms and busts in credit and asset prices in particular, act as drivers of economic fluctuations; as a result, the current environment may be more vulnerable to the occasional build-up of financial imbalances†. Because of the above turbulences, the strategies followed by the companies regarding the security of their assets have to be formulated accordingly. The impact of globalization in this case is extensive. As Stiglitz (2004, 57) states â€Å"one of the most controversial aspects of globalization is capital-market liberalization—not so much the liberalization of rules governing foreign direct investment, but those affecting short-term capital flows, speculative hot capital that can come into and out of a country†. However, despite the existence of common rules in the regulation of financial markets internationally, each country follows its own regulations in all issues related with commercial activities. International rules can have just a ‘supplementary’ role and only in cases where there is no appropriate national framework of rules regulating the commercial activities in all their aspects. Regarding this issue it has been supported by Pagano et al. (2001, 502) that â€Å"the regulations that shape the design and operations of corporations and credit and securities markets differ vastly from country to country while even similar regulations are often unequally enforced in different countries; economists still have an imperfect understanding of why these international differences exist and of whether they tend to persist over time†. On the other hand, the existence of these differentiations could be limited because of the existence of Internet which impose specific rules and principles on the transactions made. The structure of business operations can be also influenced in case that a particular business operates online. Indeed, the study of Ellam et al. (2002,

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example In this brief treatise, the history and evolution of CSR will be described and followed by a discussion on the concept and drivers of CSR. Focus is put on the role of CSR in the financial crisis, the implications of CSR for both business and communities, and the prospects of CSR for the future. History and Evolution of CSR While the concept of business corporations possessing some type of social accountability or obligation may have surfaced in the past, the serious study of corporate social responsibility as a facet of management commenced in the 1950s and was called by a host of other names (see Table 1). In 1953, Bowen posed the following question: ‘To what extent do the interests of business in the long run with the interests of society?’ (Bowen 1953, p. 5) The corporate responsibility core concept emerged as an economic concern. Andrew Carnegie, the founder of US Steel, articulated two principles supportive of CSR: (1) the ‘charity principle’ requiring individuals who have more to assist those who have less; and (2) the ‘stewardship principle’ stating that the rich and wealthy hold their wealth ‘in trust’ for the rest of society; while they hold it, they are required to multiply the wealth through making sound and prudent investments (Freeman & Liedtka 1991). Carnegie’s position was termed ‘richesse oblige’ by Windsor (2001), which is a parody of ‘noblesse oblige’. On the other side of the debate is the argument of Milton Friedman that corporations should pursue their economic self-interest and that CSR activities amount to a moral wrong against the shareholders. Activities directed at the social welfare should be properly left to the government (Freeman & Liedtka 1991). Friedman’s position resounded among many businesspeople and practitioners, understandably more than academicians, and the concept of wealth creation as the priority (some say only) goal for business constituted a recurring theme of many policy makers. At one point the argument entered the realm of academic discussion, and the debate eventually led to the conciliation of the two sides: ‘wealth creation is the best path to social welfare improvement’ (Windsor 2001, p. 226). This approach has been accepted by most businesspeople and managers because it resolves the duality imposed by Bowen’s premise that separates wealth and social responsibility. What it does not resolve is the direction management should take if a decision should be required between what may emerge to be irreconcilable alternatives (i.e. in favour of wealth creation or in favour of social responsibility). Currently, the main promoter of the ideas and principles of corporate social responsibility is the United Nations (Madrakhimova 2013, p. 115). Through the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the UN sought to advance global standards for business firms, particularly the large multinational corporations, to abide by in order to preserve and protect human rights that these businesses may be violating in the interest of earning a profit. Table 1: The genesis of the concept of corporate social responsibility (Madrakhimova 2013, p. 116) Concept of CSR CSR is a ‘concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis’

Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Assignment - Essay Example People claim that this practice is as aged as men who began to trade and that it is and will continuously evolve as time lapses (Poullaos 2009). Performing a thorough examination of the past facets and bringing it juxtapose the present conditions of accounting, one can deduce significant transformation in numerous aspect. In this report, the focuses of the course of discussion are the accustomed application of the complex process of accounting and the distinctness of its practice over the country of Poland. As a conclusion, there will be a culmination of the present predicaments and reality of accounting in the selected region, the road with which has lead to that and the possible expectations of the changes to come. 2.0 Poland’s Accounting System As with all systems, there is a wide variety of definite influences and factors in accounting that serves an important purpose and gives rise to the fulfillment of certain functions. To gain a comprehensive knowledge of these importa nt factors, an individual must first probe into the past of the subject and consider the historical occurrences and circumstances that molded the topic into what it is at the present. According to related literature, accounting had many influences from the country of Poland. ... The accounting theory that originated from their region gave rise to an argument as to should have been declared as the rightful creator of the significant contribution. This is an argument unsettled until the present day (Mattessich 2008). The country of Poland had no established organizations for accounting until the year of 1907 and will not resume progressive activity until the entry of the year 1930 because of the contemporary World War II (McGee 2008). Nevertheless, positioned in the midst of the absence of autonomy and disposed under the ruling of foreign countries—Russia, Prussia and Austria, the termination of the 19th century and the commencement of the 20th century was the indication of the Polish advancement in the textile, mechanical, chemical, mining as well as craft industry. As a consequence, so too shall accounting advance in their country. 3.0 Influences to Poland’s Accounting System 3.1 History of Poland’s Accounting System One of the superior and significant pillars of the country’s system of development of the accounting profession is Marcel Scheffs who became most popular from the year of 1936 to 1939.He was known for his belief of accounting as a science and not just a mere functional trade or an effective operative strategy widely used in the maintenance of a business and the growth of economy. Scheffs employed and connected various major studies such as the supremacy of philosophical perspectives as well as political principles to improve the accounting system in Poland (Mattessich 2008). As the year of 1950 approached, the people of Poland were to employ the Uniform Chart of Accounts. This was primarily used for its structure which adopted

Information Warfare & Cyberterrorism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Warfare & Cyberterrorism - Case Study Example According to Hollis (2008), international cyber terrorism has made digital form of storage of information become an insignificant advancement. In this paper, three major cyberterrorism cases that have occurred around the globe will be reviewed. In the three cases, the victims, the aggressors and the motives behind the attacks will be highlighted. In this case the victim was Estonia. Major organizations in Estonia including the government were affected by this particular attack. Major websites in the government were disabled. Financial institutions in Estonia were also affected as their websites were jammed with foreign users (Traynor, 2007). The aggressor in this case was Russia. However, Russia did not take responsibility for the attack, but the victims claimed the attacks were traced back to Russia. Analysts also argued the bitter political rivalry between Russia and Estonia was enough to link Russia to this particular attack. NATO investigated the issue and it was accused of double standards since they refused to directly accuse Russia of the attacks (Traynor, 2007). Major websites in the government were hacked and they were accessible to many foreign people. Additionally, there was a viral attack which disabled many government websites which contained crucial information. To curb the cyber attacks, the government of Estonia and all the affected companies disabled all the affected websites. Additionally, the government disabled all foreign access to the country’s websites. It ensured that only domestic subscribers could view these websites. The victim in this case was Georgia. The county was having political confrontations with Russia, which lasted for many years. After a truce agreement was signed to stop military war between the two nations, the war shifted to cyber attacks. The attacks were politically instigated as Russia was directly blamed for the attacks. Unlike

Business Ethics and Rules Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics and Rules Essay Personally, I agree that Solomons ethical fundamentals are a good moral foundation for a business. â€Å"Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong (or good and bad) human conduct in a business context. † (p25) From the lecture, we know that ethics matters because â€Å"how organizations behave have important implications for how they fulfill their social and economic roles† and â€Å"their success as well as the success of their employees, customers, etc. † Thus, running a business ethically is good for business. Applying Solomon’s three C’s of business ethics and the eight rules of thinking ethics in business make good sense. The three C’s of business ethics include compliance, contributions and consequences. The first C is â€Å"the need for compliance with the rules, including the laws of the land†¦and such general concerns as fairness. †(p36) As a saying goes, â€Å"Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. † Rules in business are intended to assert business structure or to control or influence the behavior of the business. Let’s take EU-Rent for example. EU-Rent is a car rental company owned by EU-Corporation. EU-Rent sets up rules about rentals, returns, servicing and customers. For example, â€Å"EU-Rent keeps records of customers, their rentals, and bad experiences. This information is used to decide whether to approve a rental. † If EU-Rent doesn’t comply with these rules, it may not organize well. The second C is â€Å"the contributions business can make to society, through the values and quality of one’s products or services†¦and usefulness of one’s activities to the surrounding community. † (p36) For instance, economists conventionally assume that organization’s primary goal is to maximize profits. Many successful organizations are gradually aware of the important relationship between profits and contributions to society. Starbucks has seen its profits rise as it has increased its investment in social issues. Those organizations who are making profits and don’t contribute to society may receive criticism from the public. As the article â€Å"The Sichuan Earthquake and the Changing Landscape of CSR in China†, which was written by Ariel McGinnis, James Pellegrin, Yin Shum, Jason Teo, and Judy Wu (University of Pennsylvania), mentioned, â€Å" In the days and weeks following the Sichuan earthquake, many multinational corporations(MNCs) pursued a global CSR (corporate social responsibility) policy in line with their international standard. While some multinationals pledged cash, many others pledged a combination of cash, equipment and services. Domestic firms, by all accounts, out-donated multinationals†¦The popular perception was that international firms relief contributions not only did not match those of local Chinese companies in terms of scale or timeliness, but also were not commensurate with their presence in the Chinese market. Chinese consumers quickly seized upon this disparity by openly attacking major MNCs, calling for a boycott of their products †¦ The Chinese public soon gave these affected MNCs the nickname of ‘international iron roosters. The term refers to a bird that never gives up a single feather, and its usage highlights the perceived stinginess of these international firms†¦Despite their additional donations,’ iron-rooster’ MNCs continued to face angry consumers throughout China, resulting in severe public backlash, including protests at several McDonalds and blo ckades at KFCs throughout Sichuan province and the rest of China. † From this example, we can see how important the contributions that organizations should make to the society are. The third C is â€Å"the consequence of business activity†¦including the reputation of one’s own company and industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p36) Why the consequences of business activity are so important? Let’s have a look at the following example. Once, Sanlu was one of the oldest and most popular brands of infant formula in China. It went into bankruptcy after the â€Å"Sanlu milk scandal†. Based on the media, â€Å"By November 2008 China reported an estimated 300,000 victims, six infants dying from kidney stones and other kidney damage, and a further 860 babies hospitalized. Since the Sanlu Group didn’t solve the problem and recall the products in time, it leaded to a horrible incident. Doubtlessly, what did organizations do may affect their development and even the well-being of the public. Organizations should not blindly pursue for profits only but also be responsive to society. To become successful, a business needs to be driven by strong ethical va lues. If a corporation fails to adopt ethical values and cannot be responsive to society, it will fail, just like the Sanlu Group. Besides the three C’s of business ethics, Solomon also stated the eight rules of thinking ethics in business, which are also good moral foundations for a business. The eight rules include â€Å"consider other people’s well-being, including the well-being of nonparticipants; think as a member of the business community and not as an isolated individual; obey, but do not depend solely on, the law; think of yourself—and your company—as part of society; obey moral rules; think objectively; ask the question ‘What sort of person would do such a thing? and respect the customs of others, but not at the expense of your own ethics. †(p40, 41) Based on the above statements, it is obvious to see that they are mainly about the concept of three C’s. According to the text, thinking ethically means â€Å"thinking in terms of compliance with the rules, implicit as well as explicit, thinking in terms of the contributions one can make as well as oneâ€⠄¢s own possible gains, thinking in terms of avoiding harmful consequences to others as well as to oneself. (p40) In the case of â€Å"Sanlu milk scandal†, one of the main reasons behind

Reflective Essay NU-AGE

Reflective Essay NU-AGE NU-AGE is a module that has had a profound influence of my understanding about the concept and self-perception about ageing. Having to learn how much more biology, lifestyle, clinical aspects, technology, living conditions and solutions can directly or indirectly alter how an individual age. Ageism in one major concern that was given much attention to in the module. Ageism was thought be the direct action of our society towards the ageing population(reference). For the past century, the institutionalisation and the idea of making the older population redundant was a major concern to both the economy. Many had to opt for poor relief, begging, paid work when possible, charity, growing food, use of common rights and help from family. Unequal access to improved occupational and private pension have been a concern to how the ageing population had access to an income to support them through later life has contributed much to the of the negative concept of ageing. This led the population to have a stereotypical view of the prevalence of loneliness at older people that their prevalence of illness and disease were more likely higher and older workers are less efficient. Despite all these negative stereotypical views positive ideas and views have been acknowledged, but many recogn ise that the ageing population have a perceived superior wisdom from experience. Health Nutrition and health has an undoubtedly profound aspect on how progression of ageing occurs. Research has shown that people in poorer parts of England lived on average 7 years less than those of in richer parts. This has been affiliated with the qualities of life the two regions face and the conditions they are assumed to face in such regions. The poorer regions are proposed to be subjected to adverse environment conditions, more stress and poorer diet. Richer regions are assumed to have the direct opposite qualities of those of the poorer regions. Research has proven that the genotype of an individual has a profound effect on the progression of ageing of an individual, such as having the Age-1 gene. All these factors are known to contribute oxidative stress, metabolic stress and inflammation which known to affect the trajectory of how ageing progresses and the prognostic implications in later life. It has been proven that diets low in calorific value and higher in unsaturated fats a nd omaga-3, such as the Mediterranean diet, showed marked decrease in the causes of mortality such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Physical activity has been a key player in the progression of how we age. Mental health has been shown to be related to how much an individual is involved in the arts and society. For example, risks of showing onsets of dementias have been shown to decrease with engaging in thought and social processes. (reference) This clearly shows us the ageing is plastic. This relates very strongly to the Clinical Ageing and Health module I took this year in Biomedical Sciences, iterating much of what was covered but in a simplified coherent manner. Ageing affect individuals related to the ones ageing. Residents in the care homes haves generally shown that there are losses of formal association with members they have had earlier in life thus leading to increased prevalence to neurodegenerative disease and loneliness. This has been addressed by providing and involving the ageing population in the arts whereby bonding with those of a similar age, ethnicity and class which provides a strengthened emotional support, and social identities. Wealth Engagement of the ageing population has been a paramount interest of discussion over the years. Establishments of capital development projects were one of the topics of interest that has been of great interest to me, especially one EX-BEX member shared his thoughts of how he thinks that life savings in the bank might not gain as much capital gains as when other forms of investment out-weighed the risks since equity has been rising for the past century. Through this module, I have truly come to grasp of the global scale of what society is expecting from ageing, how it is perceived and what we as the younger generation can implement to address issues in relation to the current ageing population and to the younger generation to age in a graceful manner. I have learnt that ageing is not a concept to be worried about and that it should be regarded in a positive aspect to consider in life. Being an international student, I have come to experience thoughts and aspects of ageing in the UK and through other international students which I propose to implement in the Seychelles. Seychelles has had a graceful ageing population two decades ago, unfortunately the can no longer be said with confidence. Prevalences of age related diseases are rising and life-spans are decreasing. No strong investigation has been made to determine why such decline is occurring. I feel that it is my duty as a Seychellois to lead the way to investigate and support th e ageing population into the aspect of graceful and healthy. My hope is to promote the Seychelles as an example to the world that ageing is in our control and we should not fear it. My dream is to see the ageing population of Seychelles to be healthy, active and vibrant thus defeating the ideology and perception of ageism.

If you can not decieve, you can not lead :: essays research papers

"The morals of the prince", written by Machiavelli in 1513 has unique and informative points of view. In order to uphold, and / or maintain power, deception is required, regardless of whether it is deemed right or wrong. All political parties, enter into office with the belief that they will do whatever is in the best interest of the people. They intend on being fair, honest, and well liked by those they reign above. However, once elected, they discover that compromise is necessary to achieve anything worth while. For example, naturalists, want land and animals to be protected by those who set out to abuse or disrupt the natural flow. But, on the other hand, hunting and fishing industries bring about a vast amount of revenue, into areas where it is permitted. Therefore, those in power, must compromise the needs and / or wants of their people to keep all parties involved happy, or at least content. Both groups must feel their desires have been accommadated. Hence, state parks, state recreational land, and wildlife refuges are established. Both groups have what they value, the naturalists have the wildlife refuges that are untouched, as close as possible to earth in the beginning of time., and some sta te parks and recreational areas have regulated statutes that permit hunting and / or fishing. Compromise, may be looked upon as deceit to many. Really, they do have similar meanings, but, compromise is a much friendlier word. Would you rather think, your boss, compromised with you or deceived you? When dealing with power, love is also a deception. As long as people love you, they will follow you. As long as you tell the people what they long to hear, they will love you. You can not love what you do not know, nor can you love what you can not trust.

The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq Essay

The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq The relationship between Kurds and Turkey has long been fraught with complications.? As rebuilding of Iraq is poised to begin, the question arises as to whether Turkey should take part in the reconstruction. I believe that Turkey is able to take a role in the peace process in Iraq, for it would prove advantageous to both Ankara and Washington.? However, I do not think that Turkey should take a role in restructuring, for their presence would undermine the peace process.? A role for Turkey would be resented not only by the Kurds in northern Iraq, but by the Iraqis as a whole. The Kurds are concentrated in northern Iraq.? Though it would be incorrect to assume that the Kurds are indicative of the Iraqi people, the Kurds do constitute a sizable minority, which accounts for approximately twenty percent of Iraq?s population.[i]? The Kurds have been marginalized for hundreds of years, most notably after the Great Powers reneged on their guarantee in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres to establish an independent Kurdish state and in 1991 when George Bush Senior encouraged the Kurds to ?take matters into their own hands,? and rebel against Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party, only to withdraw from Iraq shortly thereafter.[ii]? The Kurds are justified in resenting their derogatory treatment.? They were, it is believed, the region?s original inhabitants, present in Iraq in the seventh century.[iii] The Kurds have been ruthlessly targeted by Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party.? In 1975, the government in Baghdad initiated a process of ?Arabization? in northern Iraq, methodically exterminating the Kurdish population there.[iv] In 1988, the Anfal military campaign, led... ... Over Kurds. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 4 October 2003. [xxxv]? Purvis, Andrew.? ?Gathering Forces with Turkey. Time.? 10 February 2003: 23. [xxxvi]? ?Turkey?s Role Worries Kurds. The San Diego Union-Tribune.? 21 October 2003:? B2. [xxxvii]? ?The Battle for Northern Iraq. The Economist.? 22 March 2003. [xxxviii]? ?Turkey Moves Into Northern Iraq. APS Diplomat News Service.? 31 March 2003. [xxxix]? Ibid. [xl]? Gorvett, Jon.? ?Staking a Claim. The Middle East.? May 2003. [xli]? ?No Kurdish Imperialism for Us. The Economist.? 30 August 2003: 33. [xlii]? ?Kurds Block Turkish Mission. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 9 August 2003. [xliii]? Berenson, Alex.? ?The Struggle for Iraq. The New York Times.? 15 October 2003. [xliv]? Howard, Michael.? ?Kurds Say Turkish Troops Will Bring Chaos. The Observer.? 16 October 2003: 5. [xlv]? The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq Essay The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq The relationship between Kurds and Turkey has long been fraught with complications.? As rebuilding of Iraq is poised to begin, the question arises as to whether Turkey should take part in the reconstruction. I believe that Turkey is able to take a role in the peace process in Iraq, for it would prove advantageous to both Ankara and Washington.? However, I do not think that Turkey should take a role in restructuring, for their presence would undermine the peace process.? A role for Turkey would be resented not only by the Kurds in northern Iraq, but by the Iraqis as a whole. The Kurds are concentrated in northern Iraq.? Though it would be incorrect to assume that the Kurds are indicative of the Iraqi people, the Kurds do constitute a sizable minority, which accounts for approximately twenty percent of Iraq?s population.[i]? The Kurds have been marginalized for hundreds of years, most notably after the Great Powers reneged on their guarantee in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres to establish an independent Kurdish state and in 1991 when George Bush Senior encouraged the Kurds to ?take matters into their own hands,? and rebel against Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party, only to withdraw from Iraq shortly thereafter.[ii]? The Kurds are justified in resenting their derogatory treatment.? They were, it is believed, the region?s original inhabitants, present in Iraq in the seventh century.[iii] The Kurds have been ruthlessly targeted by Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party.? In 1975, the government in Baghdad initiated a process of ?Arabization? in northern Iraq, methodically exterminating the Kurdish population there.[iv] In 1988, the Anfal military campaign, led... ... Over Kurds. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 4 October 2003. [xxxv]? Purvis, Andrew.? ?Gathering Forces with Turkey. Time.? 10 February 2003: 23. [xxxvi]? ?Turkey?s Role Worries Kurds. The San Diego Union-Tribune.? 21 October 2003:? B2. [xxxvii]? ?The Battle for Northern Iraq. The Economist.? 22 March 2003. [xxxviii]? ?Turkey Moves Into Northern Iraq. APS Diplomat News Service.? 31 March 2003. [xxxix]? Ibid. [xl]? Gorvett, Jon.? ?Staking a Claim. The Middle East.? May 2003. [xli]? ?No Kurdish Imperialism for Us. The Economist.? 30 August 2003: 33. [xlii]? ?Kurds Block Turkish Mission. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 9 August 2003. [xliii]? Berenson, Alex.? ?The Struggle for Iraq. The New York Times.? 15 October 2003. [xliv]? Howard, Michael.? ?Kurds Say Turkish Troops Will Bring Chaos. The Observer.? 16 October 2003: 5. [xlv]?