Sunday, May 17, 2020

Action Pl Michael Watson - 975 Words

Action Plan: Michael Watson is put in a hard place after his meeting with Alan Mathews because they don’t agree on how the classes should be taught. As a new teacher, Watson needs to listen to the critiques that Mathews gave him, but he also needs to stick to his own philosophies as a teacher. It is important to understand that students learn in many different ways, so he needs to find a balance that will satisfy both Alan Mathews and himself. Watson needs to make sure that his teaching strategies are truly effective and then be able to portray to Mathew’s why his strategies are working for his students. Alan Mathew’s thinks Michael Watson’s class is too easy and that he is not challenging his students. He thinks the students are not doing all of the homework, which is leading to lengthy discussions on irrelevant topics. It is clear that not all the objectives are being meet in the class, thus there is a need for better classroom management. Overall , Alan Mathew’s wants to see Michael Watson as a more demanding teacher that challenges his student’s abilities to prepare them for college. To start, I would suggest that Michael Watson begins each unit or topic with a pre-test. Pre-tests allow teachers to evaluate what the students already know and checks to make sure that the lessons are actually challenging. After a pre-test is administered, teachers will gain a better understanding of how to construct valuable lessons that are within the students zone ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Motivates Employees According to over 40 Years of Motivation Surveys7793 Words   |  32 Pages 1990). The idea is that goal setting produces high performance. The basic premiss of goal setting theory is that an employee’s conscious intentions (goals) are primary determinants of taskrelated motivation since goals direct their thoughts and actions (Locke, 1968). Results of goal/self-regulation research indicate two critical preconditi ons of a positive goal-performance relationship: acceptance of the goal assignment and provisions for performance feedback. More recently, cybernetic control (LordRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 PagesCommunication on Customer Loyalty: An Integrative Model and Research Propositions Marketing February 2006 HELSINGIN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULU HELSINKI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPERS W-400 HELSINGIN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULU HELSINKI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS PL 1210 FI-00101 HELSINKI FINLAND  © Marko Merisavo and Helsinki School of Economics ISSN 1235-5674 (Electronic working paper) ISBN-10: 952-488-006-7 ISBN-13: 978-952-488-009-1 Helsinki School of Economics HSE Print 2006 The Effects of DigitalRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesServices, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Strategic Management in Project Management - 722 Words

Introduction A Project is any undertaking that has definite, final objectives representing specified values to be used in the satisfaction of some service or need. The reason why companies undertake projects is because they come up with strategic intent, achieve better results and increase its competitive advantage. Project Success In the past projects success was measured using the â€Å"triple constraint†, delivering the project on time, within budget and to specification. Contemporary management of projects has shifted to being measured strategically. Consequently, the evaluation of the success of projects has also changed to incorporate parameters beyond the â€Å"triple constraint†. This led to project success being measured in four†¦show more content†¦It classifies projects on the degree of product and process change in the project. Here three types of projects that can be defined: a) Breakthrough projects- where there is extensive product and process change. b) Platform projects- where there is moderate product and process change. c) Derivative projects- there is modest or incremental product and process change. 3. Rogers’ Technology Adoption Life cycle- This is at the marketing strategy level and it targets customers and their characteristics. Here five types of customers are identified based on their expectations. a) Innovators – enthusiasts of new technology. b) Early adopters – visionaries and risk takers. c) Early Majority – the first customers in the mainstream market. d) Late Majority – conservatives who embrace change when it has become an industry standard. e) Laggards – resist change regardless of the pros or cons. Project strategy Is defined as â€Å"The perspective, direction and guidelines on what to do and how to do it; to achieve the highest competitive advantage and the best value from the project.† Most of these strategies are derived from the company’s intent or business plans which differ from department to department. Importance of project strategy 1. Helping in better results 2. Increasing value obtained from projects 3. Dynamic guidance of projectShow MoreRelatedProject Management : Project Strategic Management Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pages MGMT6054 Project Strategic Management Module #2 Organization Pressures, Structures NAME: Anisha Dmello STUDENT ID: 0783689 DATE: July 11th 2016 Table of Content 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Co-location Vs Virtual †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 3. Perfect Project Circumstances †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 5. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Introduction Teams are an essentialRead MoreStrategic Project Management2969 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"Projectification of the organisational world has resulted in apparent agreement that projects and project management are an efficient means of implementing organisational strategy.†(Haniff amp; Fernie 2009) | C11SP STRATEGIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT Read MoreOutline Of A Project Strategic Management1625 Words   |  7 PagesMGMT6054- Project Strategic Management NAME: Osamudiamen Amadasun TEAM NAME: Fortitude DATE: September 28th 2015 PROFESSOR: David McKenna TITLE: Group, Stakeholder List MODULE: 3 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this project is to identify and outline at least fifteen stakeholders that would be involved with the construction of a bridge from Port Stanley to Cleveland and a brief description how each stakeholder listed influences or is influenced by this project. A stakeholder is defined as a groupRead MoreConducting a Strategic Management Project2786 Words   |  12 Pagesassignment Conducting a strategic management project COMPANY: SHELL Introduction Shell is one of the world s leading energy group and petrochemicals companies. It has around102000 employees in more than 100 countries. The objectives of the Shell Group are to engage efficiently, responsibly and profitably in oil, oil products, gas, chemicals and other selected businesses and to participate in the search for and development of other sources of energy to meet evolving customer needs and theRead Moreconducting a strategic management project3370 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUTION: The original assignment tasks for this unit involved carrying out a management project and producing a formal report as the final output. It is with regret that this has not been possible due to the fact that I am not in current employment and as a result, the assignment has been adjusted to accommodate my (and others) circumstances. Instead, I have been asked to write a personal statement for each of the learning outcomes. This report is divided into four tasks and is a combinationRead MoreConducting a Strategic Management Project3187 Words   |  13 PagesIt requires the manager to build on their management skills and to focus on the requirement of implementing the organisation’s strategy. GUIDED LEARNING HOURS The Guided learning hours for the Unit 7001 - Personal Development as a Strategic Manager of the Diploma in Strategic management Leadership are: 20 UNIT AIM AND LEARNING OUTCOMES: Aim This unit looks closely at the leadership skills that you need to operate effectively at a strategic level. Learning outcomes FollowingRead MoreStrategic Planning For Our Strategic Management Project Essay2411 Words   |  10 PagesAcknowledgements We have successfully completed the semester’s report on our strategic management project Marsower. In successful launch of our Chocolate Bouquet, we are thankful to several people without whom the launch would not have been possible. Worthy of our gratitude is the course instructor for providing us different information. We thank the professionals working in chocolate industry whom we have visited, consulted and got information. We thank our families for their support and copingRead MoreProject Management : A Strategic Value That Gives Companies An Edge On Their Competitors820 Words   |  4 PagesProject management across the organization helps create a strategic value that gives companies an edge on their competitors. Project management matters because it is a way to â€Å"map out† your plans to control spending and improve project results. It may be a way to reduce risks, cut costs and improve success rates. Being able to deliver projects on time and within budget often determines whether a company will get the next job or not. Projects have been around since beginning of time. Even a life cycleRead MoreStrategic Management Team Project : Team Report Final5048 Words   |  21 PagesStrategic Management Team Project: Team Report Final Wireless – Mobile Phone Mirroring Strategic Alliance: Sony Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation Eli Clanton Sita Giri University of West Georgia Management 6681 Dr. Douglas Turner July 20, 2015 Overview Why buy a car with satellite radio and a GPS system? Why pay a separate Wi-Fi service fee for your car? If you have a smartphone then you already have these features and more at your fingertips. The new wireless mobile phone mirroringRead MoreWhy Project Managers Need to Understand Business Strategy and the Strategic Management Process?1708 Words   |  7 Pages1) Introduction This report is produced to study the importance of aligning Project Management with Business Strategy and Strategic Business Process. Fundamentally, all Project Managers must have full comprehension of the bigger picture of an organization Business Strategy and its functional level game plan. This would help them with project operational level decision making as well alignment of projects alignment with corporate mission. . The report will be giving general analysis of inter relevance

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Case Study on Cholecystectomy for Pathophysiology- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCase Study on Cholecystectomy for Pathophysiology. Answer: Introduction This report aims to critically analyze the case study of Mrs. Beryl Hayes, who has been admitted to the ward for a laproscopic cholecystectomy. Beryl has undergone a surgery and is now still in the hospital. She has not been discharged from the hospital as no improvement is seen in her condition, and already 3 days had already passed by after the surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is usually done to remove the gall stones from the gall bladder. This process involves two methods- Open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholcystectomy. This report has focused on the laparoscopic method as per the given case study. This report will be discussing about the physiology and the pathophysiology of her conditions. Assessment has been done depending on the evidence based practice. The latter part of the discussion also throws light upon the type of care that has to be provided to the patient. The report also discusses about the discharge plan that has to be prepared for the patient and help him to return to his daily activities with ease. Discussion Pathophysiology Laparoscopic cholesystectomy is usually done to remove the gall bladder. It is usually done it patients, who have developed stones or infections in the gall bladder. Normally after a cholecystectomy, a person is unable to go home, the same day, but is generally discharged after a one night stay. Post operative complications may arise which can extend the stay in the hospital. A gallstone normally consists of bile saturated with cholesterol. The hypersaturation is caused due to the greater percentage of the cholesterol concentration than its solubility. This is mainly caused due to the hypersecreation of the cholesterol metabolism (Stinton and Shaffer. 2012). Loss of balance between the crystallization promoting proteins and crystallization inhibiting proteins, leads to the formation of the cholesterol crystals with bile (Joseph et al. 2012). Mucin is a glycoprotein that is secreted by the bilary epithelial cells, which has been documented by a pronucleating protein. The lessened degradation of mucin by the lysosomal enzymes is found to be responsible for the formation of the cholesterol crystals (Reshetnyak. 2012). The Loss of motility of the gall bladder muscular wall and excessive contraction of thee sphincter is also responsible for the formation of gall bladder crystals. The hypo motility of the muscular walls generates bilestasis for an extended peri od of time, including a lessened reservoir function. As the bile cannot flow, it leads to the accumulation of bile and a higher chance of stone formation. Improper filling and a higher percentage of hepatic bile diverted from the gall bladder to the bile duct can be caused due to the hypomotility (Pasternak et al. 2013). Sometimes Gallstones are made up of bilirubin. It is a chemical that is produced due to the breakdown of the red blood cells. Infection in the bile tract and an increased level of enterohepatic cycle of bilirubin can lead to the formation of bilirubin stone formation. Bilirubin stones are often called as the pigmented stones (Joseph et al. 2012). As the pressure on the gall bladder increases, the organ becomes larger in size, the blood supply decreases and repeated inflammation leads to acute cholecystitis. Cholecystitis may also give rise to gall stone pancreatitis which is a life threatening condition (Joseph et al. 2012). Sometimes the gall blader can be infected with microorganisms. An inflamed gallbladder can lead to gas gangerene and suffer from necrosis, which can ultimately lead to sepsis (Joseph et al. 2012). Patient assessment It is required to assess the secondary body function after the surgery, which includes a head to toe format. Any problem in any of this assessment may lead to adverse conditions. CNS- acute cholecystitis can lead to anoxic brain injury. With the severity of the condition it can lead to an elevated brain natriuretic peptide level. CVS Color- straw colored urination. Normally, the T-tube may drain up to 500 mL in the first 24 hours after surgery; drainage decreases to less than 200 mL in 2 or 3 days, and is minimal thereafter. Drainage may be tinged with blood initially, which can change to brown. Excessive drainage immediately (after 48 hours, drainage greater than 500 mL is considered excessive). Pulse- 125 (elevated pulse rate), which can be due to the trauma and fear for the pain post surgery. Blood pressure- 110/60, which signifies her blood pressure quite normal. Respiratory rate- 26, which is the standard RR for elderly patients like Ms Beryl. Chest pain- No chest pain had been reported, although patients might have chest pain due to aspiration and the respiratiory distresses in elderly patient like Ms .beryl. Cap refill- Prolonged cap refill time. A prolonged cap refill time in patient may signify shock and decreased rate of peripheral perfusion. Prolonged cap refill time may indicate peripheral artery disease. Abdominal- Abdominal muscles may ache, flatulent, bloating. Continuous bile flow in the upper intestinal tract can lead to esophagitis and gastritis. Diarrhea and colicky lower abdominal pain may result (Marker et al. 2012). Renal condition- No change has been observed in the arterial blood flow and the renal blood flow. If proper assessment is not done then acute renal failure may occur following laparoscopic surgery. Skin- The patient might experience severe itching; she will have three incisions in her stomach, skin remains itchy and dry. The wound must be kept clean and dry to prevent any infection. Regular dressing is required to avoid any infections. Infections may lead to fever and can increase the risks especially in the elderly patients (Kortram et al. 2012). Social/ family- A proper post operative care by the family can help to bring down the complications. The post operative period requires care as the patient cannot do intensive activities on her own, so it is important to provide him with support. Extensive physical exercise is not permitted as it can increase the complications. Prioritization of care Doctors are not responsible for the post operative care that has to be provided after cholecystectomy (Philibert, Nasca, Brigham and Shapiro. 2013). Nursing plans- To monitor effective breathing patterns- Breathing patterns may be ineffective, this can be due to pain, muscular impairment. The patient sometimes suffers from Tachypnea, holding breath. It is essential to observe the ausculate breath sounds, respiratory depths, to show how to splint incision to the patient. The patient should be provided support in the abdomen while coughing. To observe the color and the characteristics of the discharge- changing of the dressings when required, to change dressings, application of montegomery straps, proper disposal of the ostomy bags (cubas et al. 2012). Checking of the T- tubes and incisional drains, note the consistency and color of the stool, maintenance of the T tube in a closed collection system to prevent skin irritation and reduce the risk of contamination, sufficient tubing should be allowed to permit free turning facility (Yokoe et al. 2012). The vital signs should be monitored, mucous membrane should be assessed, signs of bleeding should be observed. The IQ, including the drainage frm the NG tube and the wound should be assessed properly. All the laboratory signs should be monitored properly (Doenges, Moorhouse and Murr. 2014). Post operative pain can be assessed and monitored and painkillers can be given consulting with the physician. Opoids can be given for moderate to severe pains. Fir the patients who have a high risk in pulmonary disease epidural LA and the opoids in combination can be administered (Bercy et al. 2013). Should check the risk of aspirations- Before any surgery, general anesthesia is used. It relaxes the muscles of the body and suppresses the sensation of pain. It can lead to aspiration as the person does not remain conscious to swallow or gag. Should help the patient to move and take measures against unintentional falls in elderly patients (Bercy et al. 2013). It should be kept in mind that the presence of the surgical incisions may lead to increased pain due to movement; therefore the patient becomes reluctant to any movement. Thus the patient should be encouraged to make movements. Several other factors are also there that has to be monitored. Discharge Plan Prescribe pain medicine- Application of the NSAIDs, to decrease the swelling and the pain, stool softener or laxatives to avoid constipation, iron tonics. It should be kept in mind that the NSAIDs can cause kidney problems or bleeding in the stomach, so a doctor should always be consulted with (Regimbeau et al. 2014). Surgical wounds should be looked upon carefully; the wounds should be kept dry and clean. Shower is permitted after 24 hours from the surgery. Easily digestible food has to be taken followed by enough fluids. Low fat foods should be consumed for about a month, as the gall bladder had a part in the digestion of the fat, so the body needs to be given some time to digest fat without the gall bladder (Dumphy et al. 2015). Plenty of liquids should be taken to prevent dehydration and to facilitate proper bowel movement and to prevent constipation. Avoid intense exercises or activities post operation. Need to provide a follow up within next two weeks from the surgery. Contact the healthcare provider if one has got fever, nausea, pain which is not relieved by the medicines, one has a sign of redness or welling around the incision or blood or puss is leaking out of the incision, having constant constipation or diarrhea, a doctor should also be contacted with if signs of vomiting persists, bowel movements are pale or black or bloody (Naoman et al. 2013). A medical help is also needed if the person is coughing up blood, feeling lightheadedness, having chest pain or the arms and the legs are feeling warm, tender and painful. Return to work is only permitted as soon as the pain is controlled and one feels comfortable to go outside. For some it is 5-7 days after the surgery (Philbert et al. 2013). Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has decreased the risks of the open surgery and can be managed easily with a proper management and a proper discharge plan. It has become the preferred treatment for cholecystitis. Laparoscopic method reduces the risk of surgery and helps the person to return back to its normal activity within a very small time, unlike open surgery. In spite of that patients often encounter with problem which can be avoided by providing proper medications and holistic care approach. Proper assessment of the patient, monitoring if the signs and symptoms and providing proper pharmacological and evidence based nursing care can bring about improvement in the deteriorating condition of the patient. From this report it can be understood what interventions can be done for Mr. Beryl to improve her conditions. References Berci, G., Hunter, J., Morgenstern, L., Arregui, M., Brunt, M., Carroll, B., Edye, M., Fermelia, D., Ferzli, G., Greene, F. and Petelin, J., 2013. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: first, do no harm; second, take care of bile duct stones. Cubas, R.F., Gmez, N.R., Rodriguez, S., Wanis, M., Sivanandam, A. and Garberoglio, C.A., 2012. Outcomes in the management of appendicitis and cholecystitis in the setting of a new acute care surgery service model: impact on timing and cost.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,215(5), pp.715-721. Doenges, M.E., Moorhouse, M.F. and Murr, A.C., 2014.Nursing care plans: Guidelines for individualizing client care across the life span. FA Davis. Dunphy, L.M., Winland-Brown, J., Porter, B. and Thomas, D., 2015.Primary care: Art and science of advanced practice nursing. FA Davis. Joseph, M., Phillips, M.R., Farrell, T.M. and Rupp, C.C., 2012. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a higher bile duct injury rate: a review and a word of caution.Annals of surgery,256(1), pp.1-6. Kortram, K., van Ramshorst, B., Bollen, T.L., Besselink, M.G., Gouma, D.J., Karsten, T., Kruyt, P.M., Nieuwenhuijzen, G.A., Kelder, J.C., Tromp, E. and Boerma, D., 2012. Acute cholecystitis in high risk surgical patients: percutaneous cholecystostomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CHOCOLATE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials,13(1), p.7. Markar, S.R., Karthikesalingam, A., Thrumurthy, S., Muirhead, L., Kinross, J. and Paraskeva, P., 2012. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) vs. conventional multiport cholecystectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy,26(5), pp.1205-1213. Naumann, D.N., Quinn, M., Sivanesan, S., Farooq, U., Hendrickse, C.W. and Bowley, D.M., 2013. Preventing readmissions: are we doing enough?.British Journal of Healthcare Management,19(7), pp.348-353. Pasternak, A., Gil, K., Matyja, A., Gajda, M., Sztefko, K., Walocha, J.A., Kulig, J. and Thor, P., 2013. Loss of gallbladder interstitial Cajal?like cells in patients with cholelithiasis.Neurogastroenterology Motility,25(1). Philibert, I., Nasca, T., Brigham, T. and Shapiro, J., 2013. Duty-hour limits and patient care and resident outcomes: can high-quality studies offer insight into complex relationships?.Annual review of medicine,64, pp.467-483. Regimbeau, J.M., Fuks, D., Pautrat, K., Mauvais, F., Haccart, V., Msika, S., Mathonnet, M., Scott, M., Paquet, J.C., Vons, C. and Sielezneff, I., 2014. Effect of postoperative antibiotic administration on postoperative infection following cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a randomized clinical trial.Jama,312(2), pp.145-154. Reshetnyak, V.I., 2012. Concept of the pathogenesis and treatment of cholelithiasis.World journal of hepatology,4(2), p.18. Stinton, L.M. and Shaffer, E.A., 2012. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer.Gut and liver,6(2), p.172. van Baal, M.C., Besselink, M.G., Bakker, O.J., van Santvoort, H.C., Schaapherder, A.F., Nieuwenhuijs, V.B., Gooszen, H.G., van Ramshorst, B., Boerma, D. and Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group, 2012. Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review.Annals of surgery,255(5), pp.860-866. Yokoe, M., Takada, T., Strasberg, S.M., Solomkin, J.S., Mayumi, T., Gomi, H., Pitt, H.A., Gouma, D.J., Garden, O.J., Bchler, M.W. and Kiriyama, S., 2012. New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis in revised Tokyo Guidelines.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences,19(5), pp.578-585.